Which risk involves the potential for substantial losses affecting a large group or community?

Fundamental risk is characterized by the potential for substantial losses that can impact large groups or communities, rather than just individuals or specific entities. This type of risk usually arises from widespread events beyond anyone's control, such as natural disasters, economic downturns, or widespread health crises, which can affect entire populations or regions. Because it can lead to significant financial and social implications across a broad spectrum, recognizing fundamental risk is crucial in risk management practices aimed at mitigating impacts on communities.

Pure risks, by contrast, involve situations that can only result in a loss or no loss, with no potential for profit, while particular risks are specific to individuals or organizations and generally do not have widespread implications. Strategic risks are usually related to a company's strategic decisions and can affect its objectives, but they do not inherently involve the community or group level consequences like fundamental risks do. Thus, the distinction made when identifying fundamental risk emphasizes its community-wide effects and potential for large-scale impact.