Which of the following statements regarding the impact of unemployment is correct?

The statement that unemployment comes from structural changes in the economy is accurate because it highlights a significant cause of unemployment that extends beyond the seasonal or cyclical variations in the job market. Structural unemployment occurs when there is a mismatch between the skills of the workforce and the demands of the job market, often due to changes in technology, globalization, or shifts in consumer preference. For example, as industries evolve or decline, certain jobs become obsolete while new sectors emerge, requiring different skill sets. This transformation can lead to prolonged unemployment for affected workers who may need retraining or education to adapt to these new market realities.

In contrast, seasonal unemployment specifically involves fluctuations in employment that align with the time of year, which does not account for the broader economic shifts. Other options misrepresent the nature of unemployment's effects. For instance, stating that unemployment has no long-term effects on financial stability ignores the broader socio-economic consequences that sustained high unemployment can have, such as increased poverty rates and decreased consumer spending. Additionally, the assertion that unemployment leads to higher consumer spending is incorrect, as unemployment generally correlates with a decrease in consumer confidence and spending due to reduced income levels.