Which of the following correctly describes benefits from a life insurance policy after a second spouse has died?

The benefits from a life insurance policy after the death of a second spouse can indeed be tax-free depending on how they are received. Generally, life insurance proceeds are not subject to federal income tax when they are paid out as a lump sum to beneficiaries. This means that in most circumstances, the beneficiaries can receive the full amount of the death benefit without having to pay income tax on it.

However, if the benefits are taken in installments or if they accrue interest before being paid out, the interest portion may be subject to income tax. Therefore, the tax treatment can vary based on the method of receiving the benefits, which is why they are classified as potentially tax-free depending on those conditions.

Recognizing this nuance in life insurance benefit taxation is critical for understanding how these proceeds can impact the financial well-being of beneficiaries after the death of a loved one.