Which of the following best describes operational risk?

Operational risk is best described as a risk originating from day-to-day business operations. This type of risk encompasses a wide range of potential issues that can arise from the internal processes, people, and systems within an organization. Examples of operational risk include system failures, human errors, fraud, and inadequate procedures or safeguards. These risks can lead to various adverse effects, such as financial losses, reputational damage, or regulatory penalties, due to the operational nature of the incidents.

The other choices focus on different aspects of risk that do not accurately encapsulate what operational risk entails. For instance, risks affecting individual assets pertain more specifically to asset management rather than the broader scope of operational processes. The option concerning risks impacting the entire economy addresses systemic or macroeconomic risks, which are distinct from the operational failures of individual organizations. Meanwhile, a risk that can only result in loss misrepresents operational risk, as it can also lead to gains if effectively managed or controlled, highlighting that operational risk involves both positive and negative potential outcomes depending on how it is handled.